After age 40, many people notice vertical ridges forming on their fingernails. These ridges, or longitudinal striations, run from the cuticle to the tip of the nail and are often harmless signs of aging. Like other parts of the body, nails undergo structural changes over time.
One key reason for these ridges is a slowdown in keratin production, the protein that makes up nails. This process becomes less efficient with age, leading to uneven nail texture. Additionally, older skin and nails tend to be drier, and moisture loss makes these ridges more visible.
Daily exposure to water, soap, and cleaning products can worsen nail dryness. On top of that, nutrient deficiencies—such as low levels of biotin, iron, magnesium, or zinc—can make nails weaker and more prone to ridging. Aging bodies also absorb nutrients less effectively, increasing this risk.
While most vertical ridges are harmless, they can sometimes signal health problems. Conditions like poor circulation, thyroid dysfunction, or rheumatoid arthritis may show up through changes in nail texture. More serious signs include discoloration, nail thickening or splitting, pain, or inflammation, which should be evaluated by a doctor.
To care for aging nails, it’s important to moisturize often, stay hydrated, and maintain a balanced diet rich in key vitamins and minerals. Gentle nail care practices and possible biotin supplementation (with medical advice) can also help. While typically nothing to worry about, sudden nail changes should not be ignored.
