Cold sores, or fever blisters, are caused mainly by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), though HSV-2 can also be responsible. They are highly contagious and spread through direct contact (kissing, sharing utensils) or indirectly via contaminated items.
Symptoms begin with tingling or itching, followed by fluid-filled blisters, which rupture and then scab over. Outbreaks typically last 7–10 days. The virus remains in the body and can be reactivated by stress, illness, hormonal changes, or sun exposure.
Treatment includes antiviral pills (like acyclovir), topical creams, pain relievers, and moisturizing balms. While there’s no cure, these can ease symptoms and speed healing.
To prevent outbreaks, avoid close contact during flare-ups, don’t share personal items, use lip sunscreen, and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
See a doctor if outbreaks are frequent, unusually painful, or unresponsive to over-the-counter treatments.
